| 刷毛の博物館 The museum of the brush |
刷毛の歴史とカタチ
History and KATACHI of the brush
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| 1300年を誇る刷毛の歴史 It is proud of 1300. History of the brush |
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| 我が国で広い意味の刷毛として、漆刷毛、糊刷毛、おしろい刷毛などが元祖と言われていますが、いつ頃使われるようになったかは定かでありません。 As a brush of a meaning large in our country, although the Japanese lacquer brush, a paste brush, the face powder brush, etc. are called originator, it is not certain about what time it come to be used. ただ、奈良時代の和銅３年（７１０年）頃の漆器工房から、漆刷毛と思われる原型が平城京跡から発見されています。 However, the prototype considered to be a Japanese lacquer brush is discovered from the remains of Heijokyo from the lacquer ware studio around 和銅 3 (710 years) of the Nara period. もともと、刷毛は毛筆から変化したと思われ、古くは屏風、襖など、紙を上貼りする際、筆を数本束ねたものとして使われていたようです。 It seems that it was thought that the brush changed from the brush, and the folding screen, the sliding door, etc. were used in ancient times from the first as what bundled several brushes when sticking paper a top and carrying out it. 鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけて、襖、障子、番傘の布貼り、紙貼り用として糊刷毛（鹿毛、猪毛）が盛んに使われ始めました。 A paste brush (Kage, 猪毛) began to be briskly used as a sliding door, a shoji, 布貼り of 番傘, and an object for 紙貼り from the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period. さらに江戸時代では、襖や障子が一般の生活様式に取り入れられ、染色技術の発展に伴い、糊刷毛の需要が増大。それにより、刷毛づくりも専業化し各自家伝の秘宝を生むことになります。 Furthermore, in the Edo period, a sliding door and a shoji are taken in by the general lifestyle and the demand of a paste brush grows with development of dyeing technology. By that cause, production of the brush will also be special-occupation-ized and will induce each private intermediary's hidden treasure. 明治初期では、ペイント刷毛が登場。工業の発展とともに、工業用や金属ブラシが製造されています。その後、時代が進み、塗料の発展と塗装工程の変化はめざましく、用途に応じて刷毛の形状、性能、原毛の改良など、塗装分野を大きく広げながら、今日に至っています。 The paint brush appears in early stages of Meiji. The object for industry and the metal brush are manufactured with industrial development. Then, the time progressed, and development of a paint and the change like a painter have resulted by the end of today, while it is remarkable and improvement of the form of the brush, a performance, and raw wool etc. extends the paint field greatly according to a use. |
| 巧みな先人から伝わる刷毛のカタチ skillful Predecessors from -- transmitted brush KATACHI |
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| 刷毛の木地（柄） Wood grain of the brush (handle) 刷毛を作るのに、なくてはならないのが柄です。 A handle is indispensable although the brush is made. 古くは、板状のものを取り付けて使われていましたが、 Although the board-like thing was used having attached in ancient times, 手先が器用で、手工具を工夫するのが巧みな先人により、我が国独特の形状となりました。 It was dexterous and it became form peculiar to our country by skillful predecessors to devise a hand tool. また、日本は林業が盛んであったこともあり、刷毛板も手軽に作られていたようです。 It seems that moreover, the brush board was also easily made since forestry was prosperous in Japan. 木材は、木地に気品のある桧材（木曽桧）が主として使われていますが、 Although the hinoki material (Kiso hinoki) to which wood has dignity in wood grain is mainly used, 国内の木材市場に頼れない現在では、 At the present when it cannot depend on a domestic wood market 高級刷毛以外は輸入材（桧、松、ブナなど）が多く使われるようになっています。 Many import material (a hinoki, a pine, beech, etc.) is used except the high-class brush. |
| 刷毛の形と広がり The form of the brush, and a spread 刷毛は使い方によって、形に工夫と配慮がなされています。 A device and consideration are made by the form depending on how to use the brush. 寸筒型（1.6）、筋違い型、 A 寸筒 type (1.6), a wrong type, 平型などが日本独特の形状ですがアメリカ、ヨーロッパなどでは、ほとんどが Although a common type etc. is form peculiar to Japan, most in the United States and Europe コッピー式の刷毛が使われています。 The KOPPI-type brush is used. 明治時代の塗装職人は ”刷毛３本” と言い、 Paint craftsman of Meiji Era "Three brushes" It says, 竹（豆）刷毛（0.5号、15ｍｍ）、筋違刷毛（30ｍｍ）、 Bamboo (beans) brush (No. 0.5, 15mm), 筋違 brush (30mm), 寸筒刷毛（４５ｍｍ）で、作業ができていましたが、 Although work was made of the 寸筒 brush (45mm), 現在では、多様化した塗料、用途に応じて、 Now, it responds to the diversified paint and a use, 各種の刷毛が作られ、ユーザー様のどんな要求にも Various kinds of brushes are made and they are any demands of the user. ご満足いただけるようになりました。 You can be satisfied now. また、寸法は、地域的な習慣により、 Moreover, a size is a local custom, 関東サイズ（９掛）と関西サイズ（８掛）がありますが、 Although there are Kanto size (9 credit) and Kansai size (8 credit), これも販売市場が拡大されるにつれ、 As a selling market is expanded also for this, ユーザー様のニーズに合ったものが優先されるようになり、 a user -- the thing suitable for needs [ like ] has priority -- having -- coming 地域差も少なくなっています。 Regional difference has also decreased. |
| 刷毛の材料と使い分け Brush Material Proper use |
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| 刷毛の材料は当初、原毛（獣毛）の加工技術が無く、きびの毛、麻、藁みご、棕梠の毛など、植物の繊維を重ねて用いられていました。 The material of the brush does not have the processing technology of raw wool (animal hairs), and the fiber of plants, such as hair of the hair of きび, hemp, 藁みご, and 棕梠, was used in piles at the beginning. その後、動物の毛が使用されるようになりますが、獣毛の種類もいろいろ。 Then, although the hair of an animal comes to be used, the kind of animal hairs is also various. 使う長途によって、それぞれの毛を混ぜ合わせて作られています。 Each hair is mixed and it is made by the long way to be used. 使用される毛は、馬毛、山羊毛、羊毛、豚毛が主で、良毛の条件は、まず毛先が繊細であること。 The hair used has 馬毛, goat hair, wool, and main 豚毛, and the conditions of right hair have the delicate hair point first. それに、毛腰が良く、弾力性に富み、手触りがソフトで、色つやが良いものとされていますが、これらの条件も、動物の産地の環境、飼育の状況、年齢、季節などでも微妙の変化があり、良質の原毛の入手は、容易なことではありません。 Although 毛腰 is good, and is rich in elasticity, a feel is soft to it and color gloss is made good at it, these conditions also have the change also with delicate environment of the place of production of an animal, situation of breeding, age, and season, and acquisition of good raw wool is not easy. また、世界的に原毛の供給が徐々に減少しているのが現状です。 Moreover, the present condition is that supply of raw wool is decreasing gradually globally. |
| ●毛色と原毛の割合 - The rate of 毛色 and raw wool |
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| 白毛・・・・・ White hair ..... |
一般に山羊毛80％・豚毛10％・馬毛 10％（弾力性があり塗料になじむ） Generally they are 80% of goat hair, 10% of 豚毛, and 馬毛. 10% (it is elastic and gets used to a paint) |
| 赤毛・・・・・ Red hair ..... |
馬毛・ロバ家（尾毛） 馬毛 and a donkey house (fish hair) （腰が強く油の吐出しが良い） (The waist is strong and 吐出し of oil is good) |
| 黒毛・・・・・ Black color ..... |
黒豚主体・馬の天尾（毛長向き） 天尾 of a 黒豚 subject and a horse (for hair length) |
| 胡麻毛・・・ Sesame hair ... |
山羊と馬の混毛（油性・鉄骨橋梁向き） 混毛 of a goat and a horse (oiliness and for steel frame bridges) |
| 馬毛 馬毛 馬毛には、大きく分けると天尾、振毛、胴毛、足毛の4種類があります。特に尻毛の長い毛を取り除いた後に残る、約12cm（4寸位）の新毛を使ったのが天尾で、最高級品と言われています。弾力性、耐久性と塗料の含み、優れた特徴を備えています。振毛は、たて髪の毛。先毛を振り先、切れ毛をフリといい、天尾の後に続く品質です。 If it roughly divides, there are four kinds of 馬毛, 天尾, 振毛, 胴毛, and 足毛. Having used about 12cm new hair which remains after removing the long hair of especially 尻毛 (about 4 suns) 天尾 It is called the highest-class article. It has elasticity, durability, and an implication of a paint and the outstanding feature. 振毛 It builds and is the hair of hair. It is the quality which calls point hair the way point, calls piece hair FURI, and continues after 天尾. 胴毛は、馬の胴体に生じる毛。毛が短く柔らか、弾性が無いので、高粘度の塗料には適しません。 胴毛 Hair produced on the body of a horse. Since hair is short and there are not softness and elasticity, it is not suitable for the paint of the degree of high 粘. 足毛は、シマ毛とも言われ、ヒズメの部分のやや長い毛。毛質は擦れているため、優良品クラスではありません。胴毛よりさらに柔らかです。 足毛 sima -- it is also called hair -- having -- a little long hair of the portion of HIZUME. Since 毛質 is worn, it is not a superior-goods class. It is still softer than 胴毛. また、馬毛のことを一般に熊毛とも言われています。 moreover, the thing of 馬毛 -- general -- Kumage とも -- it says. 駒毛、小馬毛からの転用したものと、馬毛は黒褐色で熊の手に似ているので熊毛と言われる２つの説があります。 Since what was diverted to some other purpose from 駒毛 and pony hair, and 馬毛 resemble the hand of a bear by dark brown, they have two opinions called Kumage. |
山羊毛 Goat hair 山羊毛の最たる特徴は、毛が細く柔らかく、使い出しの良さです。 The maximum slack feature of goat hair has thinly soft hair, and is the merit of usage 出し. 山羊のアゴ髭（ヤンス）が主として使われ、尾毛（ヤンオ）がともども、柔らかい上に腰があり、白毛の高級刷毛に必ず使用されています。 The AGO mustache (YANSU) of a goat is mainly used, the waist is in the top where 尾毛 (YANO) is soft together, and it is surely used for the high-class brush of white hair. |
人毛 Human hair 頭髪を用い、太くて腰が強く、漆刷毛に使用されています。 Using the hair, it is thick, and the waist is strong and is used for the Japanese lacquer brush. |
| 羊馬 羊馬 馬毛に次いで需要が多いのが羊毛です。綿状の柔らかい毛を櫛ですいた後に残る硬い毛を使います。背の部分の毛をテイタン（堤短）と称し、最も良質です。羊毛は、一般に凸凹があり、塗料含みが良く、毛質は柔らかいようでも適度な弾力を持ち、ラッカー刷毛に最適。また、ラック刷毛、水性刷毛、糊刷毛にも用いられています。 Subsequently as for wool, there is much demand at 馬毛. The hard hair which remains after being a comb and liking curdy soft hair is used. The hair of the portion of the back is called TEITAN (堤短) and it is the best. Generally wool has unevenness, a paint implication is good, and but 毛質 has moderate elasticity so that softly, and it is the the best for the lacquer brush. Moreover, it is used also for the rack brush, the water brush, and a paste brush. |
ナイロン繊維 Nylon fiber ナイロン繊維の毛先を割って自然の感触を生み出したタイネックス繊維、カネゴート繊維が使用されます。現在では、万能用刷毛として多用途に使われています。 The TIENEKKUSU fiber and KANEGOTO fiber which broke the hair ends of a nylon fiber and produced the natural feel are used. Now, it is used for multiuse as a brush for omnipotent. |
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| 豚毛 豚毛 豚毛は、毛質が太くて腰が強く、弾力性があります。毛先が2〜3筋に割れているので、毛質の強い割りに毛先の柔らかいのが特徴です。高粘度用の刷毛に使用されていますが、多くは混毛用として、刷毛の腰の調子を取るのに使用されています。 毛質 of 豚毛 is thick, and its waist is strong, and it is elastic. Since hair ends are divided into two to 3 line, hair ends of the feature are soft considering [ strong ] 毛質. Although used for the brush for the degrees of high 粘, many are used for taking the tune of the waist of the brush as an object for 混毛. |
植物繊維 Vegetable fiber 一般には、棕梠（ヤシ科・常緑高木の葉柄の基部分）の毛を使用し、植物性の毛質として、薬品刷毛に使われています。 Generally, the hair of 棕梠 (a part for the base [ The department of a coconut and evergreen quantity leaves ] of a handle) is used, and it is used for the medicine brush as vegetable 毛質. |
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| 鹿毛 Kage その他、柄出しとして最高の硬さとしなりが生まれる鹿毛を使った特殊な刷毛があります。 In addition, there is a special brush using Kage to whom it 柄出しと, and considers as the highest hardness and なり is born. |
| 馬毛の等級 The grade of 馬毛 |
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| 1 1 |
天尾だけ Only 天尾 |
最高級品 Highest-class article |
4 4 |
フリ先とフリ The FURI point and FURI |
普及品 Low-end product |
| 2 2 |
天尾とフリ先 天尾 and the FURI point |
1級品 The 1st class article |
5 5 |
フリ FURI |
下級品 Lower class article |
| 3 3 |
フリ先 FURI point |
2級品 The 2nd class article |
6 6 |
切れ毛 Piece hair |
タール塗り・洗い刷毛 Tar coating and washing brush |
| 熟練の技が活きる刷毛づくり Skill Work Useful production of the brush |
| 刷毛づくりは、微妙で繊細な作業が多く、すべて機械化による合理化はできません。 There is much work delicate [ the production of the brush ] and delicate, and rationalization by mechanization cannot be performed altogether. ほとんどの工程が昔ながらの手作業で作られています。 Almost all processes are made from traditional manual labor. 常に高品質な刷毛を作るには、長い経験と実績、優れた技術が求められます。 In order to make the always quality brush, a long experience and a long track record, and the outstanding technology are searched for. 原毛を厳選、それぞれの工程から最終検品に至るまで、1本1本に熟練した伝統の技と精神が活きています。 The traditional work and the soul every to have become skillful are valid until it results [ from careful selection and each process ] raw wool in the last inspection. |
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| 1 毛組 1 毛組 刷毛の生命を吹き込む工程。何種類もの毛を組み合わせ、束にします。 The process which blows the life of the brush. Many kinds of hair is combined and it is made a bunch. |
2 小分 2 Small Part 刷毛のサイズに応じて毛を規格通りに秤量します。 According to the size of the brush, hair is 秤量(ed) as a standard. |
3 根付 3 With Root 毛先加工の後、寸法切をして」根元に切り戻します。 After hair-ends processing, size OFF is carried out and it returns to" root. |
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| 4 付前 4 Before 付 毛先を整え、根元に細い紙を巻きます。 Hair ends are prepared and thin paper is wound around a root. |
5 玉付 5 With Ball 毛丈を計り、柄にはさみ込み、両側に桜皮を張付けます。 毛丈 is measured, it inserts in a handle and 桜皮 is stuck on both sides. |
6 綴 6 綴 締め機でしっかり固定し、穴をあけ、銅線（又は、三味線の糸）で縫い付けます。 It fixes firmly with a bundle machine, a hole is made, and it sews on with copper wire (or thread of a samisen). |
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| 7 仕上摺 7 仕上摺 毛先を金櫛ですき、小刀でおくれ毛を切り除く仕上げ工程です。 He is the finisher who is 金櫛, is behind with likes and a knife in hair ends, and prunes hair. |
8 紙巻 8 紙巻 セロハン紙で包み、毛先を保護します。ハンドル研磨などの工程を経て、最終検品 It wraps in cellophane paper and hair ends are protected. It passes through processes, such as handle polish, and is the last inspection. |
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| 刷毛のひとくちコラム（使い方・用語・サイズ） A brush mouthful column (the way, the term, and size to be used) |
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| 刷毛に関する塗装用語 The paint term on the brush |
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| ダメ込み Useless lump |
ベタ刷毛 BETA brush |
毛引（溝） 毛引 (slot) |
| 先のまとまりが良くて横に広がらず、腰砕けのしない刷毛で入隅や出隅部などのすみを揃えて塗ることです。 It is that a settlement of the point arranges and applies すみ, such as an ON corner and 出隅部, with the brush which is good, and does not spread horizontally and a breakdown does not carry out. |
平刷毛の職域呼称で、水性・鉄骨用」さど、広い面を塗る刷毛のことです。 It is the thing of the brush which applies water and" さど for steel frames, and a large field by the occupation name of the common brush. |
銅線で綴じた時、締め位置が一定になるよう、また銅線が直接物に触れないよう、美観」を兼ねたキリ溝のことです。 When it files with copper wire, it is the thing of the KIRI slot which served as fine sight" so that a bundle position may become fixed, and so that copper wire cannot touch a direct thing. |
| 駄目廻り The circumference of useless |
船刷毛 Ship brush |
割り板 Rate board |
| 立ち物の角、段差のある縁廻りなどを手直しをして、仕上げることです。 It is readjusting and finishing the circumference of the edge which stands and has the angle of a thing, and a level difference etc. |
大型の平刷毛の別称です。 It is the another name of the large-sized common brush. |
筋違いのハンドル、または平のハンドルで、一枚の板を割き、毛を挟み込む柄のことです。 It is the thing of the handle which cleaves one board and puts hair by the wrong handle or the common handle. |
| スミ切り Sumi end |
骨物 骨物 |
張り板 Tension board |
| 他所との境、細い溝部分のスミを美しく塗り分ける塗り方です。 It is the way of applying which distinguishes beautifully Sumi of a boundary with the other place, and a thin slot portion by different color with. |
鉄骨・橋梁、パイプライン設備、鉄柱等に使う刷毛の略呼称です。 It is the abbreviation name of the brush used for a steel frame and a bridge, pipeline equipment, 鉄柱, etc. |
筋違いのハンドル、または平のハンドルで、形成前に二枚の薄板を張り合わせて作り出した柄です。 It is the handle which the thin board of two sheets was made to rival and made it before formation by the wrong handle or the common handle. |
| ひっかけ It can scratch. |
丸型刷毛・江戸型刷毛 Round shape brush and Edo type brush |
玉毛（束毛） 玉毛 (bundle hair) |
| 鉄骨刷毛の別称です。 It is an another name of the steel frame brush. |
平刷毛のハンドルで、関西方面は両肩の部分が丸く成り、関東方面は角ばってできた柄のことです。 In the direction of Kansai, by the handle of the common brush, the portion of both shoulders changes round, and the direction of Kanto is the handle been square and made. |
原毛（規定寸法に加工した物）をそのまま刷毛玉に揃えた製品です。 It is the product which arranged with the brush ball raw wool (thing processed into the specified dimension) as it was. |
| 野丁場 野丁 place |
綴じ穴 Binding hole |
沈み It sinks. |
| 鉄骨や橋梁など大型建造物の塗装現場です。 A steel frame, a bridge, etc. are the paint spots of a large-sized building. |
ハンドル部と毛の玉を銅線やしゃみ糸で縫い込む時のキリ穴を言います。 The KIRI hole when sewing in the ball of a handle part and hair by copper wire or しゃみ糸 is said. |
主体の原毛に他の種類の性質を持った短い毛を混ぜ込まれた物、それを沈み毛とも言います。 It sinks and the thing and it which were able to mix the short hair which had the character of other kinds in the raw wool of a subject are also called hair. |
| 切り毛 End hair |
釘打 釘打 |
染色刷毛 Dyeing brush |
| 長い原毛を定寸に切り揃えて毛先を人工的に加工した毛のことです。 It is the woolen thing which cut long raw wool to an even length to constant 寸, and processed hair ends artificially. |
別製の釘を仕上げの最後に打ち込み、毛玉のゆるみを補完します。 It is devoted to the last of finish of an another world nail, and the slack of 毛玉 is complemented. |
専門職と趣味に分かれ、染め物・染み抜き・絵柄書き・型抜き・絵画。墨絵などで使われる刷毛です。 It is divided into professionals and a hobby and they are dyed goods, stain removal, pattern writing, model omission, and pictures. It is the brush used by sumi-e etc. |
| 毛腰 毛腰 |
桟（サン） Crosspiece (Sun) |
鋳物刷毛（筆） Cast brush (brush) |
| 毛の弾力を表現する場合に使われる簡略語です。 It is the simple word used when expressing woolen elasticity. |
表具、糊刷毛のような平たく巾のある刷毛に、板部分が反らないよう、保護的に張る薄板のことです。 It is the thing of the thin board stretched in protection so that a board portion may not curve in mounting and a brush like a paste brush which has width flat. |
砂の鋳型で型作りした面に、砂の隙間と剥離を良くするために、カーボン粉を塗る為の刷毛です。 It is a brush for applying carbon powder to the field which made the model with the mold of sand, in order to improve exfoliation with the crevice between sand. |
| 金巻き Golden volume |
コッピー KOPPI |
鹿毛 Kage |
| 金属で型作った中に、原毛を沈め込み、できた毛玉で作った刷毛のことです。 Raw wool is sunk into 型作った with metal, and it is the thing of the brush made from made 毛玉. |
一般品として豚の毛を使用し、毛玉が平たく金属で巻き、塗り込み用としてできたものです。 The hair of a pig is used as a common article, and flat, with metal, 毛玉 winds and applies and is made as an object for a lump. |
本当の鹿の毛ではなく、実際は」馬の良質毛を指します。 It is not the hair of a true deer and the good-quality hair of" horse is pointed out in practice. |
| びょう Rivet |
ダスター Duster |
熊毛 Kumage |
| ハンドルの割目が割けないよう、保護と美観を兼ねたリングです。 It is the ring which served both as protection and a fine sight so that the crack of a handle cannot be cloven. |
ラスターとも言われますが、一般的には掃除用として使われる意味があります。 Although called a raster, there is a meaning generally used as an object for cleaning. |
馬の尾毛を指して呼びます。昔は、九州肥後の馬毛が、熊の毛に似ていることからの由来です。 尾毛 of a horse is pointed out and called. A long time ago, since 馬毛 of Kyushu Higo resembles the hair of a bear, it is the origin. |
| しゃみ糸 しゃみ糸 |
ラック刷毛 Rack brush |
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| 三味線の糸をいい、この糸で綴じている刷毛は薬品、酸系に強く、衛生的にも良好です。 The brush which said the thread of a samisen and has been filed with this thread is strong in medicine and an acid system, and sanitarily good. |
昔、ニス刷毛をシケラックと呼び、その語源が簡略化され、白毛筋違刷毛を総称してラック刷毛と呼ぶようになりました。金巻ラック刷毛のラックとは別の意味です。 A long time ago, the varnish brush was called SHIKERAKKU, and the origin of a word is simplified and it came to call the white 毛筋違 brush the rack brush generically. It is a meaning different from the rack of the Kanamaki rack brush. |
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| 水性塗料に要求される刷毛とは。 It is required of distemper. Brush . |
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| 最近、地球環境問題は大きなうねりとなって押し寄せています。 Recently, global environment problems serve as a big surge, and are crowding. こうしたグローバルな環境保全意識の高まりは、塗料・塗装業界においても例外ではなく、「塗料水性（系）化」の流れはますます加速の度を強めてきています。 In the rise of such global environmental preservation consciousness, also in a paint and the paint industry, not an exception but the flow of "formation of paint water (system)" has been strengthening the degree of acceleration increasingly. 確かに、従来の溶剤系塗料から水性塗料への移行初期には、乾燥に時間がかかるという作業性の悪さや、耐候性をはじめとする塗膜性能上の欠点、価格面での問題がありました。 Surely, in early stages of the shift to distemper from the conventional solvent system paint, there were badness of the workability that dryness takes time, a fault on 塗膜性能 including weatherability, and a problem in a price side. しかし、その後の各塗料メーカーの研究開発力や技術力の進展によって、以前の諸問題をクリアー。 However, clear [ in many former problems ] by progress of each subsequent paint maker's R&D capabilities and technical power. 今日では、市場ニーズに応じた改良が加えられ、溶剤塗料を凌ぐ水性塗料が製品化されています。 The improvement according to market needs is added and the distemper which endures a solvent paint is produced commercially by the end of today. |
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好川産業さんのご好意により刷毛博物館のホームページを運営いたしております。
I am managing the homepage of a brush museum by the courtesy of YOSHIKAWA industry..
株式会社マルモ
MARUMO, Inc.
| 好川産業さんの刷毛を購入されたい方は下記アドレスへどうぞ the direction purchase YOSHIKAWA industry's brush -- the following address -- please |
| http://1116mrm.sakura.ne.jp/shop/tkxcgi/shop/shop_index.cgii |
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